Initially involving border police from both nations, the disputed area soon witnessed intermittent skirmishes between the countries' armed forces. Pakistani patrols began patrolling in territory controlled by India in January 1965, which was followed by attacks by both countries on each other's posts on 8 April 1965. The issue first arose in 1956 which ended with India regaining control over the disputed area. Although the Kashmir conflict was the predominant issue dividing the nations, other border disputes existed, most notably over the Rann of Kutch, a barren region in the Indian state of Gujarat. Since Partition of British India in 1947, Pakistan and India remained in contention over several issues. Dated during the events running up to the 1965 war. Ī declassified US State Department letter that confirms the existence of hundreds of "infiltrators" in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the International Border between India and Pakistan. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. The five-month war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. The war began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. This conflict became known as the Second Kashmir War and was fought by India and Pakistan over the disputed region of Kashmir, the first having been fought in 1947. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. Over 1,840 km 2 (710 mi 2) of territory lost (primarily in Sialkot, Lahore, and Kashmir sectors).
540 km 2 (210 mi 2) of territory lost (primarily in Rann of Kutch).No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration).
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